学习强国-每日一词

10月14日 星期一

中尼面向发展与繁荣的世代友好的战略合作伙伴关系

中华人民共和国主席习近平于2019年10月13日结束对尼泊尔的国事访问。中尼联合声明表示，两国领导人就双边关系及共同关心的国际和地区问题深入交换意见，达成广泛共识。

Leaders of China and Nepal reached broad understanding through in-depth exchange of views on bilateral relationship and regional and international issues of common concern, the two sides said in a joint statement issued on Sunday after Chinese President Xi Jinping's state visit to Nepal.

声明表示，双方决定，在和平共处五项原则、《联合国宪章》及睦邻友好原则基础上，将“中尼世代友好的全面合作伙伴关系”提升为“中尼面向发展与繁荣的世代友好的战略合作伙伴关系”。

According to the statement, both sides decided to, on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, Charter of the United Nations and principles of good neighborliness, elevate China-Nepal Comprehensive Partnership of Cooperation Featuring Ever-lasting Friendship to Strategic Partnership of Cooperation Featuring Ever-lasting Friendship for Development and Prosperity.

【重要讲话】

中尼两国人民心意相通、休戚与共，是邻国友好交往的典范。我希望通过这次访问，传承中尼传统友谊，推动两国关系更上一层楼。双方要巩固中尼关系政治基础，把打造命运共同体作为中尼关系发展长远目标。

The closely connected two peoples have shared weal and woe and set an example of friendly exchanges between neighboring countries. I hope to carry forward the traditional friendship and take the bilateral relationship to a new and higher level via the visit. Both sides should consolidate the political foundation of bilateral ties, and set the building of a community with a shared future as a long-term goal for the development of China-Nepal relations.

——2019年10月12日，习近平会见尼泊尔总统班达里时表.

【相关词汇】

和平共处五项原则the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence

世代友好enjoy a long-standing friendship

互尊互信的好朋友good friends sharing mutual respect and trust

10月15日星期二

粮食安全

Food security

国务院新闻办10月14日发表《中国的粮食安全》白皮书。白皮书指出，70年来，在中国共产党领导下，经过艰苦奋斗和不懈努力，中国在农业基础十分薄弱、人民生活极端贫困的基础上，依靠自己的力量实现了粮食基本自给。但从中长期看，中国的粮食产需仍将维持紧平衡态势，确保国家粮食安全这根弦一刻也不能放松。

The State Council Information Office on Monday issued a white paper titled "Food Security in China". Despite a weak agricultural foundation and extreme poverty, the Communist Party of China has led an unremitting campaign of hard work over the past 70 years that has made China basically self-sufficient in food supply, said the white paper. However, the paper noted that in the medium to long term, China's grain production and demand will remain closely aligned, which means China must not slacken its efforts to ensure food security.

【重要讲话】

要加快绿色农业发展，确保黑土地不减少、不退化。中国人的饭碗任何时候都要牢牢端在自己的手上。It is necessary to speed up the development of green agriculture and work to avoid the loss and degradation of black soil. China should always have control over its own food supply.

——2018年9月25日，习近平在黑龙江农垦建三江管理局七星农场万亩大地号了解粮食生产和收获情况时强调

【相关词汇】

耕地保护制度farmland protection system

国家粮食安全战略national strategies for food security

坚持立足国内保障粮食基本自给的方针abide by the principle of basic food self-sufficiency based on domestic grain production

10月16日星期三

产教融合

Integration between industry and education

10月10日，我国印发《国家产教融合建设试点实施方案》，旨在促进教育、人才、产业发展，并推动经济高质量发展。

China on Thursday published a plan on advancing a national pilot program for the integration between industry and education to promote the development of education, talents and industry and high-quality economic growth.

【重要讲话】

完善职业教育和培训体系，深化产教融合、校企合作。加快一流大学和一流学科建设，实现高等教育内涵式发展。

We will improve the system of vocational education and training, and promote integration between industry and education and cooperation between enterprises and colleges. We will move faster to build Chinese universities into world-class universities and develop world-class disciplines as we work to bring out the full potential of higher education.

——2017年10月18日，习近平在中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会上的报告

【相关词汇】

职业教育vocational education

工匠精神spirit of the craftsman/craftsmanship

“双一流”"Double First-Class" initiative

10月17日星期四

国家扶贫日

National Poverty Relief Day

10月17日是第六个国家扶贫日，国务院扶贫开发领导小组办公室表示，预计到今年年底，全国95%现行标准的贫困人口将实现脱贫。

Ninety-five percent of the country's poor population will escape poverty by the end of the year, China's top poverty relief office said on Friday in the run-up to the sixth National Poverty Relief Day on Oct 17.

【重要讲话】

1.要逐一研究细化实化攻坚举措，确保脱真贫、真脱贫。要把防止返贫摆在重要位置。

Efforts should be made to work out detailed and concrete measures, target genuinely poor households, and prevent the reoccurrence of poverty to those who had been lifted out.

——2019年4月17日，习近平在重庆考察，主持召开解决“两不愁三保障”突出问题座谈会上的讲话

2.现在距离2020年完成脱贫攻坚目标任务只有两年时间，正是最吃劲的时候，必须坚持不懈做好工作，不获全胜、决不收兵。

We need perseverance in the fight against poverty as there are only two years left for the country to meet its goal of eradicating extreme poverty by 2020. There should be no retreat until a complete victory is won.

——2019年3月7日，习近平参加十三届全国人大二次会议甘肃代表团的审议时强调

【相关词汇】

精准扶贫targeted poverty alleviation

脱贫摘帽lifted out of poverty

贫困线poverty threshold/poverty line/poverty limit

10月18日星期五

世界军人运动会

CISM Military World Games

第7届世界军人运动会开幕式10月18日在湖北省武汉市举行。以往的军人运动会主要由军事机构组织，与往届不同的是，本次武汉主办的军人运动会由军事机构和当地政府联合主办。当地官员表示，主办机构的变化不但能够鼓励更多民众观看比赛，同时也有望促进军民融合以及武汉的全民健身运动。

The opening ceremony of the 7th CISM Military World Games takes place this Friday in Wuhan, Hubei province. Different from the previous military sessions, which were mainly organized by military organizations, this session are co-hosted by the military department and local government. The change of its organizing bodies will not only encourage more members of the public to watch, but also is expected to enhance the military-civilian integration and exercise for all in the city, according to officials.

【重要讲话】

坚持富国和强军相统一，强化统一领导、顶层设计、改革创新和重大项目落实，深化国防科技工业改革，形成军民融合深度发展格局，构建一体化的国家战略体系和能力。

We should ensure that efforts to make our country prosperous and efforts to make our military strong go hand in hand. We will strengthen unified leadership, top-level design, reform, and innovation. We will speed up implementation of major projects, deepen reform of defense-related science, technology, and industry, achieve greater military-civilian integration, and build integrated national strategies and strategic capabilities.

——2017年10月18日，习近平在中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会上的报告

【相关词汇】

政治建军、改革强军、科技兴军、依法治军

uphold the right political wills, deepen military reforms, revive the army with technology and govern the army according to law

政治生态重塑、组织形态重塑、力量体系重塑、作风形象重塑

the restructuring of the political ecosystem, organization, strength and style

10月19日星期六

海洋经济

Marine economy

10月15日上午，2019中国海洋经济博览会在广东深圳开幕。国家主席习近平发来贺信，向博览会的举办表示衷心的祝贺。他在贺信中指出：“海洋对人类社会生存和发展具有重要意义，海洋孕育了生命、联通了世界、促进了发展。”

President Xi Jinping offered his congratulations in a letter to the 2019 China Marine Economy Expo that opened Tuesday in the city of Shenzhen, south China's Guangdong province. "The oceans play a significant role in the existence and development of human society. They provide a breeding ground for life, connect the world and promote development," Xi said in the letter.

【重要讲话】

海洋是高质量发展战略要地。要加快海洋科技创新步伐，提高海洋资源开发能力，培育壮大海洋战略性新兴产业。The oceans are strategically important to high-quality development. We should put more efforts to accelerate marine sci-tech innovation, improve marine development capacity, and foster and strengthen emerging marine industries of strategic importance.

——2019年10月15日，习近平在致2019中国海洋经济博览会的信中强调

发展海洋经济、海洋科研是推动我们强国战略很重要的一个方面，一定要抓好。

Developing the marine economy and conducting research in marine sciences are important parts of the nation's strategy of rejuvenation.

——2018年6月12日，习近平在青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室考察时强调

【相关词汇】

海洋塑料垃圾marine plastic waste

世界海洋日World Oceans Day

海洋和沿海生态系统marine and coastal ecosystems

10月13日 星期日

减税降费

Cutting taxes and fees

10月16日，国务院召开常务会议，部署进一步推进减税降费，确保为企业减负担、为发展增动能。会议指出，今年前8个月全国减税降费1.5万多亿元。据测算，全年减税降费总额将超过2万亿元。

The State Council, China's cabinet, on Wednesday called for enhanced efforts to further carry out the policies of cutting taxes and fees to alleviate burdens on companies and increase the momentum of development. In the first eight months, tax and fee cuts exceeded 1.5 trillion yuan, according to the meeting. It estimated that the total tax and fee cuts will surpass 2 trillion yuan by the end of this year.

【重要讲话】

2019年，有机遇也有挑战，大家还要一起拼搏、一起奋斗。减税降费政策措施要落地生根，让企业轻装上阵。

2019 will see both opportunities and challenges that will require us to work together shoulder to shoulder. Policies to cut taxes and fees must take root to ease the burden on enterprises.

——2018年12月31日，习近平发表的2019年新年贺词

减轻企业税费负担。推进增值税等实质性减税，对小微企业、科技型初创企业可以实施普惠性税收免除，根据实际情况降低社保缴费名义费率。

The burden of taxes and fees on the companies should be eased. Substantial tax cuts including the reduction of value-added taxes should be advanced, while tax exemptions can be provided for micro and small firms as well as technology startups. The nominal rates for social security contributions should be lowered in accordance with actual conditions.

——2018年11月1日，习近平主持召开民营企业座谈会并发表重要讲话

【相关词汇】

营商环境business environment

行政事业性收费administrative fees

一般性支出general expenditure